Review of Norbert Aping’s book THE FINAL FILM OF LAUREL AND HARDY: A STUDY OF THE CHAOTIC MAKING AND MARKETING OF ATOLL K

The following is the final entry in this blog’s self-anointed Laurel & Hardy Month. Wondering why we did this? Click on the above image for our explanation!

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(PREFACE: Atoll K, Laurel & Hardy’s final theatrical film, seems to have undergone some revisionist viewing over the last few years. As a result, there are L&H fans who find enough in the movie to enjoy it, while others share the initial general consensus [including Stan’s] that the film is a painful disaster to watch; count me among the latter. [Full disclosure: I showed the movie at one of my Tent meetings a few years ago, and most of the attendees said they really enjoyed it.]

I state all of this to show that my review of this book is obviously colored by my take on the movie. Your mileage may vary.)

I am of two minds after reading The Final Film of Laurel and Hardy (McFarland, 2009). On the one hand, the book is a meticulously researched and detailed history of L&H’s final movie. On the other hand, considering how mostly unbearable the book’s subject is to watch, the book is rather like using a state-of-the-art telescope to examine an anthill.

Author Norbert Aping obviously wrote this book with the best of intentions, and he probably did so at the right time. For decades, L&H legend maintained that (a) everything that needed to be said about L&H’s movies had been said by the late 1970’s; and (b), the quality of Laurel & Hardy’s movies went straight downhill after they left the Hal Roach Studios and were forced into the “studio system” manner of making movies. But Randy Skretvedt’s glorious L&H bio proved the first theory to be wrong, and Scott MacGillivray’s revisionist bio put the lie to the second theory. So Aping must have figured that the time was right to revisit Atoll K and show that it wasn’t nearly as bad as it’s been made out to be.

The trouble is that Atoll K — or Utopia, as it is more commonly known from public-domain tapes and DVDs — speaks for itself, often quite bitterly. If you start watching an L&H/Fox film with the knowledge that The Boys were often hampered by the studio system, there are still moments — indeed, entire scenes — of the Fox films that you can enjoy. But you can make all the excuses in the world for Atoll K, and yet once you are assaulted with Stan’s sickly appearance, Ollie’s larger-than-usual obesity, horribly dubbed foreign actors, and subplots that come and go with the wind, the movie practically talks you out of laughing at it for long stretches of time.

Aping is so eager to plead a positive case for the movie, he ends up doing his own schizophrenic dance trying to cover his tracks. At one point, he’ll tell you that distributors who were several generations removed from the original film have tampered with it and ruined it with editorial omissions. Then later, he’ll say that excisions which were never called for by the movie’s original makers have considerably improved the story and tempo of the movie.

Aping also points out that different countries’ versions of Atoll K (in America, England, and Europe) are very different from each other, ostensibly concluding that if we could get only one, clearly realized version of the movie, we’d all realize what a masterpiece it could have been. But unlike film buffs who still search the world for a complete print of The Rogue Song or Hats Off, there’s never been a documented case of anyone (other than, perhaps, Aping) who has viewed Atoll K and determined that there’s a pile of gold buried somewhere beneath this drek.

Also, as detailed as Aping’s book is, it still leaves several questions unanswered. One is why Stan Laurel — who, at the Roach Studios, was famous for throwing aside a script in favor of improvising his comedy — was so unquestionably attached to the notion that a good script would have made this movie better, when all evidence along the way demonstrated otherwise.

Another anomaly is that Aping is inexplicably pleased about any script development that shows the supporting characters carrying the majority of the plotline and/or the comedy. For a movie that its European producers were eager to plug as Stan and Ollie’s return to the big screen, it’s very bizarre that nobody connected with the movie was bothered by L&H being removed from the storyline (by mostly inferior and irritating supporting characters) for long scenes at a time.

Aping’s obvious research and good intentions are to be commended, and any L&H buff would like very much to believe that the movie Aping describes is the movie as it stands. But considering that the movie inspires more nausea and sorrow than laughs from its viewers, one is very surprised that Aping maintains, in his final line of the book, that “These two comic gentlemen had no need to be ashamed of their final film together.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

Laurel & Hardy biographies – Two more

The following is the latest entry in this blog’s self-promulgated Laurel & Hardy Month. Why are we promulgating this? Click on the above image to learn more! (And by the way, go see Stan & Ollie — it’s wonderful!)

Still cleaning out the ol’ bookshelf! Sorry if I have missed any of your favorite Laurel & Hardy biographies, but to paraphrase a line from Citizen Kane, they’ve been writing Laurel & Hardy books for nearly 60 years,  and I’ve only been reading them for 45!

I have three L&H books left to cover. One of them is a huge volume on Atoll K, which I will critique in my next blog entry. Today, I will cover two of the more acclaimed L&H tomes.

The Films of Laurel & Hardy, by William K. Everson (1967)

[NOTE: Portions of this book are available for free online reading. Click here to go to the online link to this book.]

Let me begin by saying that I lapped up this book when I was first getting into Laurel & Hardy movies. (When I was in the sixth grade in school, I went so far as to write about it for a book report.) I must also say that I don’t think the book has aged very well.

For many years, The Films of Laurel and Hardy — later inexplicably and incorrectly re-titled The Complete Films of Laurel and Hardy — was one of the few print sources for an evaluation of L&H’s movie teamwork. For this reason, it occupies a warm place in the hearts of many L&H buffs.

It is still worth a look, but certain elements of William K. Everson’s book have dated badly. The entry on Laurel and Hardy’s short Duck Soup (1927) was written (as a “lost” film) a few years before it was rediscovered. (Everson eventually wrote a critique of the film in another book, Laurel and Hardy [1975], sadly out of print but reviewed elsewhere on this blog.) And another “lost” L&H film, Now I’ll Tell One (1927), is for obvious reasons not listed in the book. It’s a pity that Everson didn’t do an update on his book before his death.

Even without the film rediscoveries, the book is lacking in many ways. Everson’s claim that Block-Heads (1938) is a “Stan Laurel Production” is in no way backed up by either film historians or even the movie’s credits. (Laurel’s production credit appears only in Our Relations and Way Out West.) In the entry on Beau Hunks (1931), Everson writes, “Four reels was a clumsy length for Laurel and Hardy, and they never repeated it.” But they actually did, when they made A Chump at Oxford (1940) as one of Hal Roach’s “featurettes” of the time; it was only when the movie proved to be a hit that L&H added an extended prologue to the movie.

The most annoying aspect of the book, though, is how condescending it is, particularly in reference to L&H’s “studio movie” years when 20th Century-Fox and M-G-M took Laurel’s control away from their movies. Everson suggests that Stan and Babe might have been “tired and played out” by this point, even though they went on to tour Europe for many years after their Hollywood stint. In light of the oft-repeated fact that the studios insisted on using typical make-up on L&H, thus “aging” their characters, particularly cruel is a 1944 photo of a made-up Stan, with Everson’s caption, “Laurel’s age was really beginning to show by now.” Even a cursory reading of John McCabe’s bio Mr. Laurel and Mr. Hardy could have told Everson about the studio-inflicted problems which he attributes to old age.

In terms of individual critiques, the book is still likable enough, and the generous helping of photos and publicity shots doesn’t hurt. But in the half-century since The Films of Laurel and Hardy was first published, many other L&H biographies have far surpassed it in terms of factual accuracy and empathy towards The Boys.

The Laurel & Hardy Encyclopedia, by Glenn Mitchell (orig. published, 1995)

When it comes to L&H biographies, The Laurel & Hardy Encyclopedia ranks up with the best recent bios and John McCabe’s many tomes. Just as he did with the careers of Charlie Chaplin and The Marx Brothers, Glenn Mitchell has exhaustively researched every aspect of Laurel & Hardy’s screen and stage work and compiled it into one handy, dandy volume.

Just looking up the Encyclopedia’s entries is half the fun. Mitchell has, naturally, synopsized and critiqued all of L&H’s team movies (as well as other vaguely related entries, such as L&H co-star Anita Garvin’s two-reeler A Pair of Tights, co-starring Marion Byron in an attempt to create a female Laurel & Hardy). Mitchell also has individual entries related to theatrical matters (“Reissues,” “Titling”), as well as the team’s varied subject matter and gag inspirations (“Hats,” “Eggs,” “Rebellions – by Stanley”).

All of it is written in a breezy, charming style evocative of Laurel & Hardy’s finest film work. If you are watching L&H and want accessible, enjoyable access to what you’re watching, keep this book next to the TV.

(POSTSCRIPT: Although we cannot print them here for copyright reasons, we’d also like to recommend two excellent L&H-inspired short stories: Ray Bradbury’s “The Laurel and Hardy Love Affair” (1988; click on the story’s title to read it for free online), and Cynthia Rylant’s “A Crush,” printed in Rylant’s collection A Couple of Kooks and Other Stories About Love (1990; sadly, out of print).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

STAN & OLLIE (2018) – Bringing two movie comedy legends to (real) life

We proudly share the following movie review as part of this blog’s self-designated Laurel & Hardy Month. What in the world is that, you ask? Click on the above image to learn more!

When a movie had good intentions but eventually went off the rails, the late film critic Roger Ebert used to say that the movie “knew the words but not the music.” In Stan & Ollie, the music is so lush and sweet, you can forgive the words being a little garbled sometimes.

What I mean by that is, if you go in expecting a 100% factual story about the later career of film comedians Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, you will leave the theater grumbling to yourself and ticking off a checklist of everything the movie got wrong. But if you go to see a heartfelt story about two talented comics in the twilight of their careers, you will be richly rewarded, even if you’re not a Laurel & Hardy fan.

The film addresses the period where Laurel (Steve Coogan) and Hardy (John C. Reilly) took to touring European music halls in the early 1950’s after any chances of making new movies had mostly dried up. For dramatic purposes, the film condenses a lot of the true story. L&H actually made three separate tours of Europe that were mostly successful. Here, it’s a single tour that doesn’t really take off until L&H do publicity in local towns to promote the show. A subplot of the movie is Stan trying to get financing for a L&H movie comedy based on the Robin Hood legend. In real life, there was an attempted Robin Hood project, but that had mostly fallen through the cracks by the time L&H began their initial tour.

One could keep on nitpicking like this all day long, but in the end, what one is left with is the movie’s characterizations and situations, and happily, these shine like the midday sun. Let me add to the chorus of voices that have already declared Coogan’s and Reilly’s acting work remarkable, and this is another area that transcends nitpicking. Coogan gets Laurel’s voice, body language, and (seemingly) thought processes down pat. And yes, Reilly does have layers of prosthetics to help him show us the real “Babe” (Hardy’s lifelong nickname). But that only further demonstrates how Reilly managed to convey a vulnerable person breaking through those pounds of fake flesh.

The supporting actors deserve kudos as well. Nina Arianda and Shirley Henderson convey strength and humanity as The Boys’ wives, fiercely protecting their men from the world (and each other). Rufus Jones is a smirky delight as tour producer Bernard Delfont, trying to act as though he cares about Stan and Babe’s welfare while keeping one eye on the box-office take. And Danny Huston displays appropriate gruffness as L&H’s indulgent movie producer Hal Roach. (Well-meaning L&H historians have stated that Roach comes off as too harsh in this movie. The lawsuits that sailed back and forth between Laurel and Roach in 1939 [not depicted in this film] indicate that Roach was indulgent of Laurel’s creativity but never shy about asserting his authority when necessary.)

If you aren’t familiar with Laurel & Hardy’s movies, you’ll still appreciate Stan & Ollie’s subtle and layered portrayal of their real-life friendship. If you are a fan of L&H, you’ll be amazed at how their real-life story (at least in this instance) parallels their movie comedies. The overwhelming theme of all of their movies was of two naive friends trying to hold their own against a hostile world. In telling their late-life story, Stan & Ollie only deepens that theme.

(If, by chance, you want to hear more of what I have to say about this wonderful movie, click here to visit my Laurel & Hardy podcast, Hard-Boiled Eggs and Nuts.)

Laurel & Hardy biographies – The John McCabe Collection

This is yet another entry in this blog’s self-anointed declaration of Laurel & Hardy Month. Tell me that again, you say? Click on the above image for a full explanation!

As noted elsewhere on this blog, Prof. John McCabe (shown above) met Laurel & Hardy during one of their British music-hall tours, began a friendship with Laurel that lasted the rest of Laurel’s life, and wrote the first full-fledged biography of the team, Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy (1961), which helped to re-establish worldwide interest in L&H’s careers and filmography. That book has been reviewed elsewhere on this blog (click on the book’s title to link to the review), but happily, McCabe’s interest in chronicling Laurel & Hardy did not end there. Here are three other such books that McCabe wrote or co-wrote; as I have become far too used to stating, most of these books are long out of print but are well worth seeking out.

The Comedy World of Stan Laurel (1974)

Though it is McCabe’s famed 1961 book that regained attention for the duo, I find Comedy World even more intimate and satisfying. It’s as exhaustive a history of Stan Laurel and his comedy methods as you could wish for, filled with detailed descriptions of his early work, priceless scripts of L&H stage and radio sketches, lovely photos, and reminiscences by many of Stan’s acquaintances and cohorts, including his widow Ida. If you (rightfully) share McCabe’s view of Stan Laurel as a comedy genius, this book will only reaffirm your faith.

Laurel & Hardy (1975; co-written with Al Kilgore and Richard W. Bann)

This book was invaluable in the pre-video age, when L&H movies were readily available only at the behest of UHF-TV-station programmers. Video and DVD supplies of The Boys’ movies have rendered the book somewhat dated, but it’s still invaluable for its many priceless stills of The Boys, in character and in casual and publicity shots. It also has a preface containing numerous tributes to Stan and Ollie from many celebrities. Its only other debit (a minor one) is John McCabe’s precious verbose vocabulary. Otherwise, if you don’t have instant access to their movies, it’s a quite enjoyable introduction to them.

Babe: The Life of Oliver Hardy (1989)

John McCabe’s very first words in the book read, “At last, at long last, Oliver Hardy.” And while this is not McCabe’s best Laurel & Hardy biography, McCabe’s sense of satisfaction in giving tribute to Hardy as a superb actor and the comedic equal of Stan Laurel are momentum enough to keep the book’s energy flowing, even through the less inspired sections.

Those lesser parts mostly consist of yet more McCabe synopses of L&H films, a modus operandi far better executed in the 1975 opus referenced above. Granted, nearly 20 years after the book’s first printing, perhaps McCabe felt these synopses were justified. Still, such plot re-hashings have been done far better in previous publications.

Far more satisfying are the book’s in-depth looks at seemingly familiar chapters of “Babe” Hardy’s off-screen life: his Southern upbringing, his early show-business and movie turns, and most touchingly, his third, final, and happiest marriage to Lucille, the woman he met, wooed, and then proposed to on a movie soundstage before they’d ever had a single date. Lucille’s tacit understanding of Babe’s shyness and sensitivity, amply illustrated in excerpts from McCabe’s interviews with her, provide an emotional underpinning not often found in L&H biographies.

The book is also nicely rounded out with observations by celebrities such as James Cagney and Dick Cavett, who voice their belief that Babe’s comic acting was often superior to Stan’s (an opinion abetted by Stan himself in the book). While there is no need to denigrate either comedian in order to build up the other — it reminds one of the many pointless academic debates, held for decades, as to whether Chaplin or Keaton is the funnier film-maker — such observations do much to turn the tide for Oliver Hardy, who has indeed been oft-overlooked through the years in favor of his more creative partner. This book finally, rightfully, and gracefully gives Mr. Hardy his overdue due.

Bonus photo: A pic that McCabe took of Babe when he met him backstage (McCabe can be seen in the mirror’s reflection).

 

 

 

 

 

Review of Charles Barr’s book LAUREL & HARDY, and an interview with the author

The following is yet another entry in this blog’s self-proclaimed Laurel & Hardy Month. Click on the above image to see why we’re making all this fuss about Stan and Ollie!

(READERS: This is one of the most obscure Laurel & Hardy tomes, mostly because it has been out of print for several decades. But it was the first L&H-related book I ever read and it holds a special place in my heart for that, so please indulge me. Used copies of the book are available at Amazon.com, and it is well worth the trouble of seeking out.)

This book contains exactly the sort of dry analysis that usually kills comedy, but author Charles Barr’s love of his subject shows through enough to transcend his sense of faux symbolism. (Example: According to Barr, in Sons of the Desert, Stan’s eating a wax apple represents him trying to eat from Eden’s garden of knowledge but getting only a “dummy” knowledge since the apple is fake.) If you can get past that collegiate kind of stuff, you’ll be rewarded with lengthy and satisfying analyses of some of L&H’s most wonderful comedies.

Barr gives very short shrift to L&H’s post-Hal Roach work (deservedly so, but it makes for bad film history), and my personal peeve with the book is that he calls Helpmates “an irreducible masterpiece” and yet denies it the same sort of lengthy treatment he gives to a lesser movie like Early to Bed. But if that’s a complaint, it’s only because Barr is so on-target about most of the movies he critiques, one wishes for more instead of less. Overall, it’s a very satisfying study of L&H.

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My modest introduction to Laurel and Hardy occurred when I was 10 years old and came across a funny-looking book in the local library. So my eternal blossoming love for L&H can be traced to a long-out-of-print but lovingly written analysis by British film professor Charles Barr, simply titled Laurel and Hardy.

Barr (pictured above) has since moved on to other endeavors, among them serving as film professor at the University of East Anglia and recently publishing a study of Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo. However, in 2002, Barr kindly agreed to submit to an E-mail interview about his L&H book, God bless him.

MMBB: What prompted you to write a book about Laurel and Hardy?

Charles Barr: I was young, and just starting to discover the full range and delights of their films; and the opportunity was there. The mid-’60s in England was a time of sudden expansion in film-book publishing, with a range of new paperback series. The most attractive of them was Movie Paperbacks, a spinoff from Movie magazine, for whom I wrote occasionally – both it and the books were edited and designed by Ian Cameron, who is still going strong in 2002. He was asking around for book suggestions, and accepted my L+H one with enthusiasm. He loved their films; they fitted well into a series that was designed to embrace unpretentious popular cinema as well as art cinema; and they offered such good scope for pictorial illustration, which was one of the great strengths of the series. One of the things that works best in the book, I think, is the layout of gag sequences.

MMBB: Do you still receive much response to the book?

Barr: To be honest, no. It’s been hard to obtain for a long time, and, as you well know, other and more thoroughly researched books have come out since. Occasionally, though, people tell me it should be reprinted, but I haven’t done anything about this.

MMBB: What about L&H appeals to you the most?

Barr: I need, again, to be honest: that should really be in the past tense, ‘appealed’. It is not that I have gone off Laurel and Hardy, I simply don’t now find myself watching their films much, or buying them on video. In doing the book, I had a total and joyful immersion in the films for a few months, seeing virtually all of them (the pre-1940 ones) several times, and then writing my notes up quickly and eagerly; and in a sense I was satiated. Maybe I am waiting till I have almost forgotten them, so that I can come back to them afresh in old age. I think what most appealed was, or is, the beautiful ‘logic’ of their humour, the way they played out the same kinds of exchange or adventure in endlessly varied ways, like musical variations, or a series of mathematical equations. I’ve always liked the line that is spoken in Christopher Isherwood’s 1945 novel about the film industry, Prater Violet: ‘the movies aren’t literature, they aren’t drama, they are pure mathematics’, and L+H’s best short films seem to bear that out, as some of the still-sequences suggest. I hardly need add, as an answer to this and to Q1, that I also laughed a lot at them.

MMBB: Do you have a favorite L&H movie? If so, why is it your favorite?

Barr: I guess The Music Box, because, as I see I say in the book (pp 135-6), ‘it seems to have in it everything that there is of Laurel and Hardy’, compressed into one short. But one could say that of other films: Perfect Day, Helpmates…

MMBB: You gave short shrift to L&H’s post-1940 movies. While most L&H buffs agree that they’re inferior, in retrospect, does it bother you that you didn’t give a more complete view of the final phase of their film career?

Barr: No, it didn’t and doesn’t bother me, because it was not aiming to be that kind of comprehensive survey. I hadn’t even seen tried to see all of the post-1940 films. I defer to the more conscientious scholarship of later chroniclers of L+H, even though I find some of thr writing a bit stodgy.

MMBB: Stan Laurel used to complain about how American television butchered the editing of his movies. Do you think the movies are better served by British television?

Barr: Yes, they have been, though I don’t think terrestrial TV has run their films as a series for many years now. Instead, they keep repeating other kinds of classic series, TV sitcoms (and the L+H shorts are surely pioneers of sitcom) like “Sgt Bilko” and “Dad’s Army” and “Fawlty Towers.” Incidentally, Basil and Sibyl Fawlty often make me think of L+H, though they lack their deep-down affection: the same frustrations and point-scoring and sudden violence, the same polished professional craft, the same inexorably mathematical logic with which stories and sequences develop…. perhaps TV should run some double-bills?

 

 

 

 

 

Got nothing to do in Jacksonville today?

Review of Simon Louvish’s book STAN AND OLLIE: THE ROOTS OF COMEDY, and an interview with the author

The following is yet another entry in this blog’s self-proclaimed Laurel & Hardy Month. Wondering what that’s all about? Click on the above image to learn more!

Simon Louvish’s epic-length biography Stan and Ollie: The Roots of Comedy (St. Martin’s Press, 2001) plays like one of those Laurel & Hardy comedies that were padded to feature-length by the inclusion of romantic leads nobody cares about. Like those movies, one has to wade through a lot of guff to get to the really good stuff.

Louvish has done his research (as he is all too eager to convince the reader), and it pays off most admirably when debunking previous tales of the Laurel & Hardy history. The most compelling example is the chapter detailing Oliver Hardy’s first marriage. Hardy and film historians have long maintained that he moved to Jacksonville, Florida, to pursue a film career, and there was where he met and married first wife Madelyn. Louvish detailingly reveals that Madelyn was in fact Jewish, that Hardy met her in Georgia at the time of an infamous Jewish lynching, and that Hardy and his wife exited Georgia as a result, never to return.

Such dramatic payoffs are alone worth the price of the book. Louvish also often gleans much enlightened insight into Laurel & Hardy’s film work (as well he should–Louvish in a part-time film teacher). To cite just one example, his analysis of the finale of L&H’s penultimate Hal Roach film A Chump at Oxford is as insightful and moving as the finale itself.

Along the way, though, the reader must endure the obstacle courses that plagued Louvish’s previous bios of W.C. Fields and The Marx Brothers (both of which tomes are shamelessly plugged throughout this book). For one thing, Louvish lards his writing with enough precious verbosity to make biographer John McCabe look like an illiterate slacker by comparison. (Prime example: “Babe’s inner life has always been a…mystery wrapped in an enigma, hidden behind those folds of flesh.”)

Also, at one point Louvish decries critics who have read too much subtext into L&H’s simplistic plots. Yet he goes hog-wild (pardon the L&H pun) on phallic imagery, suggesting that Mae Busch’s constant widow of L&H’s short Oliver the Eighth wants to chop off an organ considerably below Ollie’s neck, and even shamelessly stating later (in his take on Their First Mistake), “What remains erect for Oliver Hardy is not his penis, but his dignity.” Eeew!!

My final complaint with the book is that when it gets into Laurel & Hardy at their prime, it quotes other, far superior sources (most notably Randy Skretvedt’s) to the point of plagiarism. And even then, accuracy is not Louvish’s strong suit. Louvish quotes a Skretvedt interview with Hal Roach in which Roach, by way of contrasting L&H with other comedy teams, states that “Abbott and Costello worked at our studio, and they used to fight like hell. But with Laurel and Hardy, when I fired Hardy, Laurel cried.” Sounds touching, except that Roach never fired Hardy (Roach had Stan and Babe on concurrent, separate contracts and often suspended Laurel or let his contract lapse during certain disputes).

For all of its faults, Louvish’s genuine appreciation for Laurel and Hardy’s comic artistry makes a considerable amount of Stan and Ollie worthwhile writing for the fervent L&H buff. Just make to sure to avoid Louvish’s verbal landmines in order to reach the real meat of the book.

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Stan and Ollie author Simon Louvish (shown above) was kind enough to answer some of my questions in a 2001 e-mail “interview.”

Movie Movie Blog Blog: Do you consider yourself an L&H “buff”? Is there anything in particular you like about their style?

Simon Louvish: I’m a fan of most of the early movie comedians, from Max Linder and Ben Turpin through Fields, Mae West and the Marxes. I tail off by the 40’s, with the Three Stooges, Abbott and the other guy and all that late jazz. Somebody also told me the Ritz Brothers are funny, but I’m not convinced. So I’m not a “collect it all” fan of any of them, though Stan and Ollie were definitely the first comedians I can remember seeing on screen. What remains most affecting in their style, and substance, I think, is exemplified by the quote from Spike Milligan: “As soon as they walked out on the screen I knew they were my friends.” In an inversion of the Christian idea of a person who dies for your sins – they fail for your laughs: We know that their failures stand in for ours, and there they are, picking themselves up and ready to fail once again. Now that’s a class act.

MMBB: Do you have a favorite L&H movie?

SL: Favourite Stan and Ollie movie remains The Music Box, which can’t be bettered – though I missed out on one thing, it’s actually a remake, not just of [L&H’s silent comedy] Hats Off, but of a Keystone Charlie Chaplin movie, His Musical Career (1914), where Charlie and Mack Swain move a piano. Reason for favourite rating: perfection. Favourite feature: Sons of the Desert – the perfect expression of marriage.

MMBB: You have indicated that your biography subjects owe a lot to their stage experience. What do you think stage and vaudeville work brought to their comedy that modern-day comics don’t have?

SL: The issue of the stage background is paramount: Of the 1930’s Talkie comics, only Oliver Hardy bypassed the stage as a formative experience. (I know he sang a bit, but not that much.) The result is that the comics honed their acts with a live audience, knew what worked and what didn’t, and they had a heritage they were working in, something people tend to forget. They knew their craft inside out. Modern comics can be victims of the instant fashions of TV stand-up – you make jokes about what was on last week’s TV. There was also an issue of hardship – it wasn’t easy to be an overnight success in 1899 or 1906. You had to learn by failing. Stan Laurel certainly did.

MMBB: Which modern-day comedians do you think show the influence of L&H?

SL: The point of the great comedians is that no one matches them. They might have imitators but not proper pupils. They are what they are. I know Dick Van Dyke thought himself very Stan-like. Well, it’s a comforting thought. Where are the contemporary comedians?

MMBB: Did you come across any surprises in your research?

SL: The main surprise in the search is Oliver Hardy. Not just the meaning of his first marriage to Madelyn, but the deep melancholy that I believe lies at the root of his character. The sense in which I’m convinced that the character he eventually created as “Ollie” was basically his father, whom he never knew, except from stories his mother told him. There is a depth to the characterization that shines through. But his feeling of being trapped in his “fatness” never quite went away.

MMBB: You are generous in attribution, but just the same, you elaborate on a lot of source material from Randy Skretvedt. Were you given special access to Skretvedt’s material?

SL: In all three books on the comedians, W.C. Fields, the Marx Bros., and Stan and Ollie, I’ve followed the principle of acknowledging the work that’s gone before. There’s nothing more annoying than a biographer who picks up other people’s work and uses it without access or attribution to original sources. In the case of Stan and Ollie, three scholars – John McCabe, Randy Skretvedt and Dick Bann – have looked at the lives and movies. McCabe presented his own rounded narratives, Dick Bann has put out copious facts and figures about the individual films, and Randy’s book stands for itself. I made two visits to Randy Skretvedt in L.A., and spent time with parts of his archive. He also sent me copies of the complete versions of interviews with Hal Roach, Joe Rock, and tape recordings with Lucille Hardy, of which I used excerpts, all attributed, and fully acknowledged, in Notes on Sources. It is a fact that, unless you’re going to drown in trivia, there is not that much new information to convey on the Laurel and Hardy films – as individual products – once they got into their stride, and I find Skretvedt’s work on them highly reliable. The new information is at the “front end” of their lives, and their solo careers – those solo films, too, have been copiously researched, by Rob Stone and David Wyatt, but not assimilated before into their story. Stan and Ollie is the first full narrative biography of both Laurel and Hardy “from soup to nuts,” certainly since McCabe’s pioneering (but pretty short) Mr. Laurel and Mr. Hardy just about 40 years ago. (There is also new archival information from MGM files on some of the 1940’s films.)

MMBB: Re the Hal Roach quote in your book where Roach compares Laurel & Hardy to Abbott & Costello: Roach never fired Hardy (the records show him having more trouble with Laurel). Do you think this quote was worthy of dispute?

SL: In the case of Hal Roach interviews, I noted clearly that he remembers things as he wants, with scant regard for accuracy, as befitting a grandee who lived so long that he survived everyone else. I don’t need to say after every single quote “as Roach inaccurately says.” It’s significant that Roach wants to emphasize his control over Stan and Ollie’s output, and take more credit than he deserves. But he deserves enough credit anyway. Without him they would both have starved.

MMBB: Your analysis of L&H’s movies often tends toward the phallic side, while paradoxically you chastise some of the more pretentious attempts to analyze their work. Do you think that “reading too much” into L&H’s work might be a bit of a trap?

SL: Phallic analysis? Gedoutahere! I have to tackle the endless attempts to re-interpret Stan and Ollie in a “modern” light, and deal with the old “gay theme” issue. As I point out, cross-dressing and “gender-bending” are an old vaudeville staple. Stan was particularly fond of dressing up, which is an old British music-hall fad, but even Ollie cross-dressed in some of his solo films. Of course, Their First Mistake makes the game quite clear – Stan knew very well where his jokes were coming from. More than the “gay” theme, it’s a consistent obsession Stan has with split identities, as in Brats or Our Relations. You should always read as much as you want into movies, they are after all fantasies!

MMBB: What would you say to a jaded L&H buff to convince him to read your book when he’s read all the others?

SL: There’s always more to find. I’m not the last word. There is always another angle. What interested me in particular on Stan and Ollie was the fact that they had come from such different backgrounds, and countries, and yet only found their place as a team – as two parts of a coherent whole, that cannot be thereafter parted. This is pretty unique – after all, the Marx Brothers were brothers. I know that fans who’ve learned every movie by heart might complain at descriptions of plots, but, at a minimum, a writer has to write for a general audience also. Another one of my pet hates is biographies of artists that only deal with gossip, and leave out their art. But the only reason to biography artists is their art, and so the relationship between the life and the art is my subject. Another annoying habit I have, which seems to infuriate some American fans, is that when I don’t know something, I say I don’t know, rather than make up something to fill the gap. Past lives are like a jigsaw puzzle in which you can never find all the pieces. Like an endless Me and My Pal [where Stan and Ollie labor over a jigsaw puzzle] – you can never quite fit it together. But try, try, try again: Tall Oaks from Little Acorns Grow.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Review of Scott MacGillivray’s book LAUREL & HARDY: FROM THE FORTIES FORWARD, and an interview with the author

The following is another entry in this blog’s self-proclaimed Laurel & Hardy Month. Didn’t know there was one? Click on the above to read the origins of our newly minted tradition!

Laurel & Hardy: From the Forties Forward (2009, second edition, iUniverse) is an extremely well-written and –researched book which turns on its head the consensus, well-spread among L&H buffs, that the duo’s post-Hal Roach films were not worth the viewing. MacGillivray saw his first L&H movie, a 20th Century-Fox film, when he was eight years old, and went on to become “Grand Sheik” of a Tent (local chapter of the L&H “appreciation society” Sons of the Desert) in Boston. He provides ample evidence that, though the L&H “big studio” films of the 1940’s aren’t their finest work, their level of comedic quality is worthy of a buff’s attention.

MacGillivray also does an excellent job of documenting L&H’s post-Hollywood career, which consisted primarily of sketches written by Stan and performed live in European theaters. And MacGillivray unearths information about some proposed (and quite unusual) L&H projects that never came to fruition, including a Fox musical titled By Jupiter that would have pitted L&H against Martha Raye, and a never-done radio series titled Laurel & Hardy Go to the Moon. Finally, MacGillivray documents the Film Classics prints of L&H films that were shown on TV (and are best remembered for L&H’s “shield” credit at the start of each film), and the heretofore unsung work of L&H documentarian Robert Youngson, whose film compilations introduced Stan and Ollie to a new generation of moviegoers.

There is much to savor here, written in an easygoing style that belies the obviously thorough research that went into it. Unless or until some hard-digging film historian uncovers more L&H gems, Randy Skretvedt’s L&H biography and this fine book appear to be the final word on Laurel & Hardy’s prolific comedy careers.

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Forties Forward author Scott MacGillivray (shown above) graciously submitted to this E-mail interview in March, 2000 (shortly after the book’s first version was printed).

Movie Movie Blog Blog: How long have you been a Laurel & Hardy “buff”?

Scott MacGillivray: Since I was eight years old. I was having a boring Saturday afternoon, and my mother suggested that I watch a Laurel & Hardy movie on television. I was skeptical, because I knew vaguely of “Laurel & Hardy” as a bygone show-business name from way before my time, but I watched the movie and was immediately hooked.

MMBB: How would you summarize Laurel & Hardy’s appeal?

SM: Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy were two of the most lovable screen personalities in movie history. The “Stan and Ollie” characters are innocent children in a grown-up world and, unlike The Three Stooges or Abbott & Costello for example, Laurel & Hardy have more depth. They behave like human beings instead of cartoon characters. Audiences sense and appreciate the close friendship of “Stan and Ollie.” Most people who see them become fans, and they start collecting books and movies so they can enjoy visits with Stan and Ollie again and again.

MMBB: What motivated you to write this book?

SM: I love old movies, and I enjoy reading about new discoveries — an old film being restored, or some new information about an old favorite. But whenever a new book would appear about Laurel & Hardy, I always found that the author didn’t have anything new to say about the team’s later films, produced after 1940. Everything was always borrowed from some other book. I thought there had to be more to the story.

I tried to put the later Laurel & Hardy pictures into their proper context, after so many authors just dismissed them without further ado. The “forties films” are not in the same league as the team’s earlier films, but they aren’t the total disasters they’re supposed to be. The book has stirred up some interest in the forgotten Laurel & Hardy movies, and brought back some pleasant memories for people who’ve seen them and enjoyed them.

MMBB: How long did it take you to research and write the book? Did you talk to any of L&H’s contemporaries while preparing the book? How much of the material in your book was previously uncovered in other L&H biographies?

SM: There isn’t a lot of material in print about Laurel & Hardy’s later work. For example, one book devoted almost 400 pages to Laurel & Hardy’s earlier works, but only seven pages to the 1940s material. And there has never been anything about theatrical reissues, home movies, or Robert Youngson’s compilation films. So Forties Forward came from original research over a period of about six years. I conducted several interviews with Stan Laurel’s daughter, Lois Laurel Hawes, and her husband Tony Hawes, who knew Laurel & Hardy professionally. Lois and Tony allowed me to publish dozens of photographs from Stan Laurel’s personal collection, and no author has been given that privilege before.

Also, I interviewed some of the actors who worked with Laurel & Hardy, I visited the 20th Century-Fox archives in Hollywood, I went through old trade papers and exhibitors’ journals. For the Robert Youngson chapter, I interviewed Mrs. Youngson, who gave me her insights about her husband’s work, and I spoke with the late William K. Everson, who was probably the number-one silent-film expert in the world. And old movies have always been a hobby with me, so I’ve picked up a lot of miscellaneous information and memorabilia over the years.

MMBB: Why do you think L&H’s post-Roach films have been so ignored?

SM: The rights to the vintage Laurel & Hardy movies keep changing, so there have been long periods when the older films are not available to the public. In many areas, the “forties films” were all one could find on television, so many fans like myself share early, fond memories of films like The Dancing Masters and The Big Noise.

But so many authors have slammed the 1940s Laurel & Hardy movies that it became unfashionable to look at them, let alone express any fondness for them. Fans weren’t supposed to like them, even if they hadn’t seen them. Forties Forward has sent many readers back to the films themselves, so they can form their own opinions — and enjoy their “guilty pleasures” out in the open!

MMBB: You printed a letter that Fox producer Sol Wurtzel wrote to Stan regarding their first Fox film, Great Guns. Wurtzel told Stan that his (Stan’s) concerns about the film were unwarranted, that the movie was “a credit to the company.” Any comments on the irony of that statement?

SM: That isn’t strictly true; the letter from Wurtzel was a thank-you note that did not reflect any concerns Stan may have expressed. Wurtzel was a no-nonsense businessman, not given to displays of warmth or cordiality, and the letter to Laurel & Hardy demonstrates how genuinely pleased he was to be associated with them.

Wurtzel correctly pointed out that the movie was a credit to the company. It was going to make a lot of money and a lot of friends among audiences and exhibitors. Laurel & Hardy were still very popular in the 1940s, and could be depended upon to generate revenues for the studio. Wurtzel’s film became a huge hit, and Laurel & Hardy were signed for ten more movies. The series stopped only when the studio’s “B” department actually shut down permanently.

MMBB: Why do you think the Fox writers’ material for L&H was so foreign to their established style of comedy?

SM: Laurel & Hardy were accustomed to experimenting with a funny idea, and seeing how much mileage could be gotten out of a comic situation. A formal script was of secondary importance. In the 1920s and 1930s, they worked for a small studio that worked in a casual, impromptu manner. But in the 1940s they worked for big movie companies, where the atmosphere was more corporate: You made this movie with this script, on this budget in this many days. The sudden “culture shock” is what Stan Laurel ruefully recalled in later years, but it didn’t apply to the team’s entire wartime output. As Forties Forward points out, Laurel & Hardy did manage to improve their working conditions to an extent, and the studios became more accommodating.

MMBB: If you had to choose a favorite of the post-Roach films, what would it be, and why?

SM: That’s a tough one. The Bullfighters, in which I documented Stan Laurel’s creative participation, is fun to watch, and I get a kick out of The Dancing Masters and The Big Noise. But my favorite is probably Jitterbugs, because Laurel & Hardy are obviously having a good time onscreen, and they have a chance to demonstrate their acting abilities by masquerading as other characters.

MMBB: You list several L&H movie projects that never made it to film. What’s your biggest regret about the unrealized projects?

SM: I would like to have seen how much farther Laurel & Hardy might have gone with 20th Century-Fox after The Bullfighters. They finally had more artistic input, more control over their work, and more indulgent bosses. The conventional wisdom is that the films steadily went from bad to worse, but the truth is that the downward slide was only temporary, and the team was gradually on the upswing and gaining ground. It’s too bad that the momentum had to be halted.

MMBB: As poor as the Film Classics prints are, does their famous “shield” (shown above) inspire any nostalgia for you? If you’re like me, you started watching L&H via these prints.

SM: Yes, indeed! I actually prefer the Film Classics plaque to the original titles for that very reason. The plaque is even pictured in the book!

MMBB: Yours was the first L&H book to detail the contributions of compiler Robert Youngson. How instrumental do you think his movies were in reviving interest in L&H?

SM: Robert Youngson was a real showman. His first comedy compilation was a monster success, and it exposed a whole new generation to silent-screen comedy. The Laurel & Hardy clips came as a pleasant surprise, because people who knew Stan and Ollie from TV probably weren’t aware that they had made silent pictures. The silents were also widely circulated in home-movie form (the DVD of the ’50s and ’60s). So Youngson really gave the silent films a showcase, and made them relevant and palatable to modern audiences.

MMBB: Do you think the onset of video and DVD have helped people get or maintain interest in L&H? Do you see any disadvantages to these formats?

SM: The disadvantage is not the technical format, but the absence of the films from store shelves. This can’t really be helped because the rights have constantly shifted for years. The demand for Laurel & Hardy is there, and video dealers are trying to meet that demand, but there isn’t much material in circulation right now. In Europe, however, the rights question doesn’t prevail, so most of Laurel & Hardy’s 106 films are readily available for home viewing. And I’m happy to report that the European market offers not one, but two boxed collector’s sets of Laurel & Hardy’s wartime films.

MMBB: Do you think L&H will continue to win new fans, and why?

SM: It only takes one movie to make someone a fan, and the films will definitely continue to entertain people. An “average” Laurel & Hardy comedy is better than the best efforts of many other comedians. A lot of parents are showing Laurel & Hardy to their kids, so there is a certain amount of exposure that doesn’t depend on the video marketplace. But the absence of Laurel & Hardy’s vintage films on American television is very unfortunate, because people aren’t seeing the team’s best work. Once again, the “forties films” are filling the void and keeping Laurel & Hardy before the public. (And so are the Sons of the Desert, but that’s another story!)

Laurel & Hardy’s WAY OUT WEST – By the numbers and way-out trivia

Today we bring you another entry in our blog’s self-designated Laurel & Hardy Month. What did Stan and Ollie do to earn a month of their own? Click on the above image and find out!

After yesterday’s mini-epic, I’ll bet you thought that I was done with Laurel & Hardy lists. But you hadn’t reckoned with my lifelong affection for their comic Western, Way Out West (1937). Here are some fun facts and figures related to my favorite L&H feature film!

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By the Numbers

Final production cost: $361,541

First-release box-office – domestic gross: $362,828

Length of time taken to write the script: approximately 3 months

Length of time to film the movie: approximately 2 and one-half months

Number of working titles for the film before settling on Way Out West: 3

Number of previous movies using Way Out West as a title: 2

Approximate time it took Laurel & Hardy to choreograph, on the set, the film’s famous soft-shoe number: 30 minutes

“Now you’re taking me illiterally” (We counted these so that you don’t have to)

Number of gags from Way Out West reprised in The Bullfighters (1945): 2 (Ollie repeating something for Stan’s benefit, Stan sitting on Ollie’s lap instead of in his own chair)

Number of “rubber” gags: 2 (Stan’s obtrusive toe getting snapped by Ollie, Ollie’s neck getting elongated)

Number of thumb-lighting instances: Stan, 3; Ollie, 1

Number of bites taken out of Ollie’s hat: Stan, 3; Ollie, 1

Number of Ollie’s direct looks to the camera: 14

Number of cutaways to Ollie’s camera looks: 6

Number of cutaways to James Finlayson’s reaction shots: 12

Number of cutaways to reaction shots of Vivien Oakland’s discomfort: 4

Number of edits/cuts in the number “At the Ball, That’s All”: 5

Number of times the lyrics of “At the Ball, That’s All” are sung: 6

Number of dogs who try to eat Stan’s shoe-leather steak: 5

Pieces of clothing disrobed by Ollie in the “locket” scene: 5 (hat, coat, fake collar, shirt, underpants)

Number of times the deed changes hands in the “deed retrieval” scene: 14

Number of times the deed is blown across the room: 4

Length of laughter sustained by Stan in the “tickling” scene: 2 minutes, 30 seconds

Number of times Stan spits on his hands to moisten the rope: 3

Number of falls sustained by Ollie after being hoisted by the block-and-tackle: 2

Number of times each person is pulled down by the other via the rope: Ollie, 3; Stan, 1

Number of “ssh’s” uttered: Stan, 12; Ollie, 10; Dinah the Mule, 1

Length of Stan’s pantomime, where he re-tells (to Mary) the movie’s story up to that point: 10 seconds

Number of times Finn says “What are you gonna do?” in the penultimate scene: 5

Number of times that a “trademark” gag is used: 1 each for Ollie’s tie-twiddle and James Finlayson’s “D’oh!”

Number of times Ollie is dunked in the stream: 3

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Way-Out Trivia

The movie’s idea was originally suggested by Stan’s then-wife Lois.

In the original script, Oliver Hardy’s part is identified by his familiar off-screen nickname, “Babe.”

The running gag of Ollie falling into a creek’s huge pothole was shot in Sherwood Forest, about 40 miles south of Los Angeles. The area that Stan wanted to use to film this gag had no lake, so the Hal Roach Studios rented a steam shovel, dug out a river bed, and poured 25,000 gallons of water from a nearby lake into the man-made one.

This movie features the first use of Stanley’s “white magic” — doing an impossible act that obsesses Ollie to no end. Here, Stan flicks his finger on his thumb and “flames” it as though it was a cigarette lighter. According to editor Bert Jordan, the gag was conceived after Stan saw a gag man having trouble lighting up his cigarette.

The role of Mary Roberts was originally intended for Julie Bishop (a/k/a Jacqueline Wells, who had played L&H’s ward Arline in the L&H feature The Bohemian Girl [1936]).

Look closely at Sharon Lynne (during her “tickling” scene with Stan) and Rosina Lawrence (when Stan briefly pantomimes the movie’s events to her behind a glass door). Both co-stars seem to be trying very hard not to crack up on-camera.

Hal Roach had to come up with four different titles for the film before finding a title that wasn’t already owned by another studio. The three discarded titles were “You’d Be Surprised,” “Tonight’s the Night,” and “In the Money.”

Way Out West was previously used as a film title in 1930 and 1935.

This movie marked the final film appearance of Sharon Lynne. This would have been Tiny Sandford’s final film appearance with L&H, had he not been replaced with Stanley Fields, so that honor goes to Our Relations.

When Stan throws away the meat he uses to cover the hole in his shoe, the dog chasing after the meat is played by Laughing Gravy, who appeared in The Boys’ same-named 1931 short subject.

The gag where Stan and Ollie hurriedly exit town followed by clouds of dust was previously staged for an Our Gang comedy, Election Day (1929). According to the official L&H website, the shot was made by moving a powerful wind machine toward the camera. There were blowers and trays of loose dirt mounted on a dolly, all of which were hidden by the cyclone of dust created in the machine’s own path while advancing toward the camera. Then the film was reversed, making it look as though a cyclone of dust had been kicked up by Stan and Ollie.

Stan told producer Sam Sherman that, in the scene where Ollie forces Stan to eat his hat, the hat was actually made of licorice. (Stan’s old vaudeville friend Charlie Chaplin did the same trick with an unsavory shoe in The Gold Rush.)

When Ollie ties Finn to the chandelier, Finn is heard uttering something awfully close to, “You son-of-a-bitch!” (although some claim that he’s really saying, “You’ll suffer for this!”). Listen for yourself and draw your own conclusion. (It wouldn’t be the first instance of cursing in an L&H movie. Generations of movie and TV censors have overlooked Edgar Kennedy quickly but clearly uttering the word “Shit!” in the L&H short Perfect Day [1929].)

James Finlayson is heard to keep repeating “What are you gonna do?” because film editor Bert Jordan needed some background sound for the cutaway shots, so he repeated the dialogue. The same thing was done in the L&H feature Block-Heads when Hardy is arguing with Minna Gombell.

In his Marx Brothers biography, Joe Adamson notes that the plotline for Way Out West — wayward Easterners deliver a valuable deed to the wrong party and then try to retrieve it — served as basically the same storyline for the Marxes’ comedy Western Go West (1940), a movie obviously inspired by the success of the L&H film.

The movie was later re-worked by Columbia Pictures into a comedy short subject for briefly-teamed boxers Max Baer Sr. and Slapsie Maxie Rosenbloom (you can’t make this stuff up), titled Rootin’ Tootin’ Tenderfeet (1952).

The opening shoot-out in the opening titles of the TV series “Gunsmoke” was shot on the same street that is seen in Way Out West.

Footage from the movie was used in a 1970 TV commercial for Hamm’s Beer. The soundtrack was replaced with player piano music, and title cards were added, to give the appearance of a silent movie.

Steve Martin has said this was the first comedy film he saw as a child.

In an interview on Turner Classic Movies, “The Simpsons” creator Matt Groening said that Homer’s famous “Doh!” came about because Dan Castellaneta (Homer’s voice) knew that James Finlayson sometimes said that in Laurel & Hardy movies. In Way Out West, we hear the utterance when Finlayson’s character, Mickey Finn, accidentally fires his rifle in bed.

In 1985, this became the first Laurel & Hardy film to be computer-colorized (if that’s your idea of a good time).

In 2000, readers of Total Film magazine voted Way Out West the 26th greatest comedy film of all time.

Homages/Parodies/Rip-Offs?

A bit where Lola (Sharon Lynne) uses a small mirror to reflect a spotlight onto her frenzied male fans was similarly performed in The Show (1922), a Larry Semon short comedy which had Oliver Hardy in support.

In the block-and-tackle scene, where Stan causes Ollie to continually fall to the ground, Ollie tells Stan to put out his hand, causing Stan to wince in anticipation of punishment. Then, instead of hitting Stan’s hand with a huge rope, Ollie whacks Stan on the head with it. This gag actually occurred two years previously, in the Fleischer Bros. cartoon An Elephant Never Forgets (1935).

The movie’s most famous homage is to Claudette Colbert in It Happened One Night (1934). In need of a coach for himself and Ollie, Stan flags one down by exposing one of his legs, as the more shapely Colbert so famously did in the former movie.

On June 26, 2010, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Oscar-winning actress Tilda Swinton (Michael Clayton) organized and led a “flash mob” dance to promote The 8 1/2 Foundation, a charity group devoted to exposing world cinema to children. At 11:00 a.m. near Edinburgh Castle, several hundred volunteering participants, led by Swinton, recreated the dance choreography for “At the Ball, That’s All,” as performed by Laurel and Hardy in Way Out West. (Click here to watch the video of the dance on YouTube.)

 

 

 

 

 

Laurel & Hardy A-Z

The following list is today’s contribution to this blog’s self-designated Laurel & Hardy Month. What on Earth does that mean? Click on the above image to find out!

While I don’t expect the following list to have any significance beyond this blog, one can’t help noticing countless recurring themes and ideas in Laurel & Hardy movies. So I’ve made a list of such themes as they’ve turned up in more than one movie — everything from hostile wives to gorillas. Enjoy!

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A

Academy Award:

– Meanest Hal Roach Studios veteran to be nominated for an: L&H budget-cutter Henry Ginsberg, for co-producing the movie Giant (see below)

– Nicest Hal Roach Studios veteran to be nominated for an: composer Marvin Hatley, nominated for his scores for Way Out West and Block-Heads

– Nicest Hal Roach Studios veteran to win an: George Stevens (early L&H cinematographer, who won the Best Director Oscar for Giant)

– L&H films nominated for an: The Hollywood Revue of 1929 (Best Picture), The Music Box (Best Short Subject), Tit for Tat (Best Short Subject), Way Out West (Best Musical Score), Block-Heads (Best Musical Score)

– L&H films winning an: The Music Box (Best Short Subject) [Stan Laurel himself was awarded an honorary Oscar in 1960]

Ad-libs, repeated (proving that just repeating them doesn’t make them any funnier): “Will you stop crowding?” (Ollie, Berth Marks, while trying to undress with Stan in an upper berth), “What are you gonna do?” (James Finlayson, Way Out West, while he is clearly being tied to a chandelier)

Airplanes, runaway, containing Stan and Ollie: The Flying Deuces, The Big Noise

Amputations, faked/mistaken: Pack Up Your Troubles, Block-Heads

Amusement parks: Sugar Daddies, On the Loose, The Dancing Masters

Animals not listed elsewhere on this page: Liberty (crab), The Chimp (fleas), The Flying Deuces (shark), Atoll K (pet lobster)

Apples: Call of the Cuckoos, Do Detectives Think?, Sons of the Desert (wax)

Artists: Slipping Wives, The Fixer-Uppers, The Flying Deuces

Auctions: One Good Turn, Thicker Than Water, The Dancing Masters

Automobiles:

– damaged/destroyed by/with Stan and Ollie: Leave ’em Laughing, Two Tars, Hog Wild, The Stolen Jools, Our Wife, One Good Turn, County Hospital, The Midnight Patrol, Towed in a Hole, Busy Bodies, Block-Heads, Saps at Sea, Great Guns (Jeep), Air Raid Wardens, The Dancing Masters (bus), The Bullfighters (taxi door)

– Ollie almost run over by: The Perfect Day, Hog Wild, Below Zero, Any Old Port, Jitterbugs

– Sunk in mud puddles: Leave ’em Laughing, The Perfect Day

B

Banana peels: The Battle of the Century, From Soup to Nuts, A Chump at Oxford, The Dancing Masters

Bathtubs/bathing: Slipping Wives, Call of the Cuckoos, Brats, Be Big, Come Clean, Dirty Work, Them Thar Hills

Bats: The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case, Atoll K

Beans: Them Thar Hills, Block-Heads

Bears: Flying Elephants, The Rogue Song

Billiards/pool: Brats, Any Old Port

Birds: The Finishing Touch, The Rogue Song (chicken), Towed in a Hole (duck), Dirty Work (shot out of the air), The Flying Deuces, Great Guns (crow)

Blackmail: Sugar Daddies, Love ’em and Weep, Chickens Come Home, The Bullfighters

Block-and-tackle: The Music Box, Way Out West

Boat, Laurel & Hardy on a: Why Girls Love Sailors, Sailors, Beware!, Men o’ War, Towed in a Hole, Sons of the Desert (alibi), The Live Ghost, Our Relations, Saps at Sea, Jitterbugs, Atoll K

Boxing: The Battle of the Century, Brats, Any Old Port

Break-ins/burglaries: Habeas Corpus, Night Owls, Scram!, The Midnight Patrol, Way Out West

Brooklyn Bridge, the: Pack Up Your Troubles (seen in opening titles), Way Out West (dialogue reference), Jitterbugs (stock footage, allegedly of New Orleans but really New York)

Bulls: Fra Diavolo, The Bullfighters

Buses, double-decker: Putting Pants on Philip, Hog Wild, The Dancing Masters

C

Cake accidents: From Soup to Nuts, The Hollywood Revue of 1929, Our Wife, Twice Two, Our Relations

Cameo appearances: Call of the Cuckoos, The Stolen Jools, On the Loose, Wild Poses, Hollywood Party, On the Wrong Trek, Pick a Star

Cannibalism: March of the Wooden Soldiers (Stan and Ollie eating the supposed remains of their pig friend Elmer)

Care-givers (Stan and Ollie): Brats, Pack Up Your Troubles, Their First Mistake, The Bohemian Girl, Great Guns, Nothing But Trouble

Cats: Night Owls, March of the Wooden Soldiers, Atoll K

Character actors, villainous (Hal Roach stock company): Mae Busch, Rychard Cramer, James Finlayson, Anita Garvin, Charlie Hall, Walter Long (shown at right), Charles Middleton, Blanche Payson, Tiny Sandford

Checkers: Brats, The Live Ghost

Cheese: The Rogue Song, Swiss Miss

Cherries: The Second Hundred Years, From Soup to Nuts, Men O’War (soda)

Children, bratty: Block-Heads, The Big Noise

Children, bratty, played by Stan and Ollie: Brats, Wild Poses

Chimneys, Ollie falling down: Hog Wild, Dirty Work

Cigars: Their Purple Moment, Big Business, Their First Mistake, Busy Bodies, Way Out West, Swiss Miss, The Flying Deuces

Cities, name-checked: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (That’s My Wife); Pottsville, Pennysylvania (Berth Marks); Poughkeepsie, New Jersey (Pack Up Your Troubles); Jesup, Georgia (Dirty Work); Chicago, Illinois and Honolulu, Hawaii (Sons of the Desert); Atlanta, Georgia (The Fixer-Uppers); Pellore, India (Bonnie Scotland); London, England (Way Out West); Des Moines, Iowa (The Flying Deuces); Dayton, Ohio and Milledgeville, Georgia [Hardy’s real-life hometown] (A-Haunting We Will Go); Madison, Wisconsin and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (The Tree in a Test Tube); New Orleans, Louisiana (Jitterbugs); Peoria, Illinois (The Bullfighters)

Climaxes, special-effects, cheesy: County Hospital, The Dancing Masters

Coffee: Below Zero, One Good Turn, Pack Up Your Troubles, Them Thar Hills, Swiss Miss, Great Guns

Cooks/chefs: From Soup to Nuts, Their Purple Moment, Pack Up Your Troubles, Bonnie Scotland (Stan, improvising), Swiss Miss, Great Guns, Nothing But Trouble (Ollie), Atoll K

Courtrooms: Scram!, Going Bye-Bye, The Bullfighters

D

Dancing: That’s My Wife, The Music Box, The Chimp, Scram!, Bonnie Scotland, Way Out West, The Flying Deuces, Jitterbugs, The Dancing Masters

Dentists: Leave ’em Laughing, Pardon Us, The Dancing Masters

Dishwashing: Helpmates, Thicker Than Water, Swiss Miss, Nothing But Trouble

“Dixie,” heard in: The Music Box, Bonnie Scotland, The Bullfighters

Doctors: County Hospital, Them Thar Hills, Sons of the Desert (veterinarian), Thicker Than Water, Saps at Sea, Great Guns

Dogs: The Lucky Dog, Sugar Daddies, From Soup to Nuts, Early to Bed, Bacon Grabbers, The Perfect Day, Pardon Us, Laughing Gravy, Swiss Miss, The Dancing Masters

Dream-motif finales: The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case, Oliver the Eighth

Drunks, non-Stan and Ollie: You’re Darn Tootin’, Scram!, Our Relations, The Big Noise

Drunk scenes (L&H):

– Stan and Ollie: Blotto, Scram!, Them Thar Hills, The Fixer-Uppers

– Stan only: Fra Diavolo, The Bohemian Girl, Swiss Miss, A Chump at Oxford, The Bullfighters

– Ollie only: Early to Bed

Dual roles: Brats, Twice Two, Our Relations, The Bullfighters (Stan only)

Ducks: Towed in a Hole, Dirty Work

E

Egg-breaking: The Hollywood Revue of 1929, Hollywood Party, The Live Ghost, Tit for Tat, The Bullfighters

Employment agencies: From Soup to Nuts, Double Whoopee, A Chump at Oxford, Nothing But Trouble

Executions, attempted, of Stan and Ollie: Fra Diavolo, Bonnie Scotland, The Flying Deuces, Atoll K

F

Fake money, Stan and Ollie duped by: Hollywood Party, Swiss Miss, A-Haunting We Will Go

Feathers: March of the Wooden Soldiers, Swiss Miss, Great Guns, The Dancing Masters (feather duster)

Female form, observation of the: Hats Off, Putting Pants on Philip (Stan), From Soup to Nuts (Ollie), Hog Wild (Stan)

Female impersonations (Stan): Duck Soup, Why Girls Love Sailors, That’s My Wife, Another Nice Mess, A Chump at Oxford, Jitterbugs

Female impersonations, two persons dressed as one woman: Sugar Daddies, Chickens Come Home

Fertilizer: Beau Hunks, Chickens Come Home, Air Raid Wardens

Films:

– Color (not colorized): The Rogue Song, The Tree in a Test Tube

– “First” (shorts that were, for various reasons, cited as Laurel & Hardy’s “official” first film): The Lucky Dog, Duck Soup, Putting Pants on Philip

– Missing: Now I’ll Tell One (first half), Hats Off, The Battle of the Century (middle portion), The Rogue Song

– With four-letter words: The Perfect Day, Pardon Us

– With future famous actors/actresses: Sailors, Beware! (Lupe Velez), Bacon Grabbers and Double Whoopee (Jean Harlow), The Hollywood Revue of 1929 (Jack Benny), A Chump at Oxford (Peter Cushing), Great Guns (Alan Ladd), Jitterbugs (Vivian Blaine), The Dancing Masters (Robert Mitchum)

Film titles, recycled: Their First Mistake (originally the working title for Pardon Us), Jitterbugs (originally the working title for Saps at Sea)

Fire: Pardon Us (alternate ending), One Good Turn, Helpmates

Fish: Towed in a Hole (referenced in song by Ollie), Dirty Work, Bonnie Scotland, The Big Noise

Flirting, unrequited (Ollie): Sailors, Beware!, Putting Pants on Philip, Way Out West, The Flying Deuces

Flour: Helpmates, Great Guns, Atoll K

Food fights: Their Purple Moment, The Battle of the Century, The Hoose-Gow

Foods, inedible, eaten by Stan and Ollie: wax apple (Stan only, Sons of the Desert), invisible soup and water (Oliver the Eighth), flower (Stan only, Thicker Than Water), hat (Way Out West), “synthetic” meal (Saps at Sea), food “capsules” (The Big Noise), invisible drink (Stan only, Atoll K)

Freak endings: (Click here to see our blog’s entry about this topic)

Freak endings administered by Walter Long: Going Bye-Bye, The Live Ghost

G

Games:

– Finger- , mastered only by Stan: Fra Diavolo, The Bohemian Girl

– Not listed elsewhere on this page: dice (Sailors, Beware!), jigsaw puzzle (Me and My Pal), pee-wees (March of the Wooden Soldiers)

Garbage/trash cans: Night Owls, Pack Up Your Troubles, Bonnie Scotland

Ghosts: The Live Ghost, A Chump at Oxford

Goats: Flying Elephants, Angora Love, Saps at Sea

Gorillas: The Chimp, Swiss Miss

Gout: The Perfect Day, Them Thar Hills

H

Hangovers: Sugar Daddies, Helpmates

Harlow, Jean (photo only): Brats, Beau Hunks

Hat, Ollie’s, as a source of gags: Hog Wild, Be Big, The Music Box, Way Out West

Hat-blowing trick (Stan): Towed in a Hole, Bonnie Scotland

High-and-mighty (dangerous height) scenes: Liberty, Hog Wild, County Hospital, Busy Bodies, The Flying Deuces, Saps at Sea, Nothing But Trouble

Hitch-hiking: On the Wrong Trek, Way Out West

Homosexuality, latent (themes): Liberty, Their First Mistake, Jitterbugs

Horse costume (Stan and Ollie): Another Fine Mess, The Chimp

Horses, actual: Wrong Again, The Rogue Song, The Music Box, Fra Diavolo, Way Out West, Great Guns (See also Reincarnations, animal [Ollie])

Hospitals: County Hospital, Thicker Than Water, The Dancing Masters

I

Ice cream: Men o’ War, Come Clean, Twice Two

Inheritances: Early to Bed, That’s My Wife, The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case, Laughing Gravy (alternate ending), Way Out West

Insects: With Love and Hisses (bees), The Rogue Song (flies), Our Wife (flies), The Chimp (fleas), Bonnie Scotland (hornets)

Instruments, run over: You’re Darn Tootin’, Below Zero

J

Jail/prison: The Second Hundred Years, The Hoose-Gow, Pardon Us, Pack Up Your Troubles (Army guardhouse), Bonnie Scotland, Our Relations, The Flying Deuces, Saps at Sea, A-Haunting We Will Go (first scene), Nothing But Trouble

Jewelry: locket (Bohemian Girl, Way Out West), ring (Our Relations, The Flying Deuces)

K

Kennedy, Edgar, as a cop: The Finishing Touch, Leave ’em Laughing, Unaccustomed as We Are, Night Owls

Kiss, Stan overwhelmed by a: The Fixer-Uppers, The Bullfighters

Kitchens, exploding: Unaccustomed As We Are, Helpmates, Block-Heads, Saps at Sea

L

Landlords/landladies, hostile: Leave ’em Laughing, You’re Darn Tootin’, Early to Bed (if you count Ollie as the “landlord”), They Go Boom, Angora Love, Laughing Gravy, The Chimp, Fra Diavolo, March of the Wooden Soldiers, Thicker than Water, Bonnie Scotland, The Dancing Masters

Laughing scenes (Stan and Ollie): Leave ’em Laughing, Blotto, Scram!, Fra Diavolo, Way Out West (Stan only), Great Guns

Laundry: Helpmates, One Good Turn, Bonnie Scotland, Way Out West, The Flying Deuces

Laurel & Hardy as “themselves”: Pick a Star, The Tree in a Test Tube

Lawyers: Bonnie Scotland, Atoll K

Lawyers played by Stan: Sugar Daddies, Now I’ll Tell One

Laurel & Hardy-impersonation films, ill-advised: Another Nice Mess, The New Adventures of Laurel & Hardy: For Love or Mummy

Legal issues: Pack Up Your Troubles, Their First Mistake, Our Relations, Way Out West

Lingerie displayed by L&H co-stars:

– Harlow, Jean: Double Whoopee (at right)

– Todd, Thelma: Unaccustomed as We Are, On the Loose

Lions: The Chimp, Hollywood Party, A-Haunting We Will Go, Nothing But Trouble, Atoll K

Lockets: The Bohemian Girl, Way Out West

Lodges: Sons of the Desert, Our Relations

M

Magic acts: The Hollywood Revue of 1929, A-Haunting We Will Go

Magic, “white” (Stan doing impossible things): Way Out West, Block-Heads, Great Guns, A-Haunting We Will Go, Atoll K

Marriages, attempted: Sugar Daddies, Our Wife, Pack Up Your Troubles, Any Old Port, Me and My Pal, March of the Wooden Soldiers

Marshmallows: Brats, Tit for Tat

Mice: Brats, March of the Wooden Soldiers

Military: With Love and Hisses, Two Tars, Men o’ War, Beau Hunks, Pack Up Your Troubles, Bonnie Scotland, Block-Heads, The Flying Deuces, Great Guns

Milk: Their First Mistake, Wild Poses, Going Bye-Bye, The Flying Deuces

Mirrors: Hog Wild (Ollie), Helpmates (Ollie), Their First Mistake (Stan), Great Guns (Stan)

Monkeys: The Chimp, Dirty Work, Swiss Miss

Mortality: The Midnight Patrol, The Live Ghost, The Flying Deuces

Musical numbers (Stan and Ollie): Brats, Pardon Us, Way Out West, Swiss Miss, The Flying Deuces

Musicians (Stan and Ollie): You’re Darn Tootin’, Berth Marks, Below Zero, Our Relations (Stan on horn), Pick a Star, Swiss Miss, The Flying Deuces (Stan on bedsprings), Saps at Sea (Stan on horn), Jitterbugs

N

Nudity, near-: With Love and Hisses (Stan and Ollie), Call of the Cuckoos (Max Davidson), Double Whoopee (Jean Harlow)

O

Ocean liners, fictional: Sailors Beware, Putting Pants on Philip (S.S. Miramar), Sons of the Desert (S.S. Luwanna and S.S. Meewana, Honolulu Steamship Company)

Ocean liners, real: Blockheads (RMS Mauretainia, Cunard Line), A Chump at Oxford (RMS Queen Mary, Cunard Line), Nothing But Trouble (S.S. Ile de France, French Line)

 Ollie:

 – As an upper-class citizen: Early to Bed, Chickens Come Home, Me and My Pal

– As a pawn in a jealousy plot: The Fixer-Uppers, Swiss Miss

– Getting married: Our Wife, Me and My Pal, Oliver the Eighth

– In politics: mayoral candidate (Chickens Come Home), island president (Atoll K)

P

Paint, wet: Habeas Corpus, The Second Hundred Years, The Hoose-Gow, Towed in a Hole, March of the Wooden Soldiers, The Big Noise

Parades, Stan and Ollie in: Beau Hunks, Pack Up Your Troubles, Sons of the Desert, Bonnie Scotland, The Flying Deuces, Great Guns

Pens, malfunctioning: The Battle of the Century, Double Whoopee, Chickens Come Home (dry), Any Old Port, The Music Box, The Flying Deuces (dry)

Phone conversations (Stan and Ollie): Blotto, Chickens Come Home, Helpmates, Twice Two, The Fixer-Uppers

Phone numbers (Stan): Blotto, Helpmates, Beau Hunks [Trivia: Stan Laurel used his current, real-life phone number in these movies]

Photographers, professional: The Battle of the Century, The Stolen Jools, Pardon Us, Wild Poses, Hollywood Party, Block-Heads, A Chump at Oxford

Pianos: Wrong Again, Big Business, Night Owls, Another Fine Mess, Beau Hunks, The Music Box, Way Out West, Swiss Miss

Pies: The Battle of the Century, Their Purple Moment

Poetry, written by Stan and recited by Ollie: The Fixer-Uppers, Swiss Miss

Policemen, Laurel & Hardy as: Now I’ll Tell One (Hardy only), The Midnight Patrol

Policemen, Stan and Ollie’s encounters with: Duck Soup, Sugar Daddies, The Second Hundred Years, Putting Pants on Philip, The Finishing Touch, You’re Darn Tootin’, Two Tars, Big Business, Liberty, Double Whoopee, Unaccustomed as We Are, They Go Boom, Bacon Grabbers, The Hoose-Gow, Night Owls, Below Zero, The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case, Another Fine Mess, The Music Box, Pack Up Your Troubles, Me and My Pal, Sons of the Desert, Tit for Tat, Our Relations, Way Out West (Western sheriff), Saps at Sea, A-Haunting We Will Go, The Big Noise

Process-servers: Bacon Grabbers, Their First Mistake

Professors, pretentious: Prof. Padilla (Habeas Corpus), Prof. Theodore von Schwarzenhoffen, M.D., A.D., D.D.S., F.L.D., F. F. F. and F. (The Music Box), Prof. Noodle (Dirty Work), Lord Paddington (A Chump at Oxford), Prof. Fendash Gorp (The Dancing Masters)

Prohibition: Blotto, Pardon Us

Punch-and-Judy show (puppet show referenced as a favorite entertainment of Stan and Ollie’s): Their First Mistake, Our Relations

R

Rabies, mistaken cases of: Early to Bed, The Dancing Masters

Radios: Bacon Grabbers, Hog Wild, Come Clean, Me and My Pal

Rain: The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case, Helpmates, Scram!, Sons of the Desert, Atoll K

Ration coupons: Jitterbugs, Nothing But Trouble

Reading glasses: Going Bye-Bye, Our Relations

Records, phonograph: Should Married Men Go Home?, We Faw Down, Liberty, Unaccustomed as We Are

Reincarnations, animal (Ollie): Dirty Work (chimp), The Flying Deuces (horse)

Relatives:

– Non-wife: Ollie’s uncle (That’s My Wife and The Perfect Day), Stan and Ollie’s sons (Brats), Stan’s uncle (Laughing Gravy, alternate ending), Stan and Ollie’s sisters (Twice Two), Ollie’s brother-in-law (Sons of the Desert), Ollie’s mother & Stan and Ollie’s twin brothers (Our Relations)

– Stories about (Stan): The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case, One Good Turn, Beau Hunks

Remakes (and their predecessors): Another Fine Mess (Duck Soup), Laughing Gravy (Angora Love), The Music Box (Hats Off), The Fixer-Uppers (Love ’em and Weep), The Flying Deuces (Beau Hunks)

Retribution (Stan towards Ollie): Early to Bed, One Good Turn, A Chump at Oxford

Rifles/shotguns: Slipping Wives, Liberty, Bacon Grabbers, We Faw Down, Wrong Again, The Hoose-Gow, Be Big, Blotto, Pack Up Your Troubles, Dirty Work, Sons of the Desert, Oliver the Eighth, Way Out West, Block-Heads

Roach family, Hal, cameo appearances: Hal Roach in Pardon Us (in front of Ollie in line, after Ollie’s re-capture); Hal’s daughter Margaret, in A-Haunting We Will Go (walk-on role; billed as Diane Rochelle)

Robberies, attempted by Stan and Ollie: Night Owls, Fra Diavolo, The Bohemian Girl

S

Safes: The Midnight Patrol, Way Out West, The Dancing Masters

Salesmen: Hats Off, Big Business, The Fixer-Uppers, Swiss Miss

Sand: The Second Hundred Years, Beau Hunks, Block-Heads

Servants/waiters (Stan and Ollie): Slipping Wives (Ollie only), Sugar Daddies (Ollie only), From Soup to Nuts, Early to Bed (Stan only), Another Fine Mess (Stan only, disguise), A Chump at Oxford, Great Guns, Nothing But Trouble

Shakespeare, William: Hollywood Revue of 1929(non-Laurel and Hardy portion has scene from “Romeo and Juliet”), Pardon Us (bust), The Music Box (bust), Pack Up Your Troubles (bust), Me and My Pal (bust), Tit for Tat (quoted), Our Relations (dialogue reference; also, plot is loosely based on “The Comedy of Errors”)

Shanghai-ing: Sailors, Beware!, The Live Ghost

Shaving: The Rogue Song, Busy Bodies, Oliver the Eighth, Great Guns

Signing the register: Double Whoopee, Any Old Port, Air Raid Wardens, The Bullfighters

Silent-comedy legends who contributed to L&H movies: Harry Langdon (co-wrote the screenplays for Block-Heads, The Flying Deuces, A Chump at Oxford, and Saps at Sea), Buster Keaton (contributed uncredited gags for Nothing But Trouble)

Slot machines: Men o’ War, Way Out West

Snow: Below Zero, The Rogue Song, Laughing Gravy, The Fixer-Uppers

Soda-fountain cashiers (“Soda jerks”): Should Married Men Go Home?, Men o’ War, Come Clean, Twice Two, Tit for Tat

Soup: From Soup to Nuts, You’re Darn Tootin’, That’s My Wife, The Hoose-Gow, One Good Turn, Twice Two, Oliver the Eighth (“invisible” soup), Nothing But Trouble, Atoll K

Sports, non-boxing: golf (Should Married Men Go Home?), football (Nothing But Trouble)

Stan Laurel Productions: Our Relations, Way Out West

Steaks: Their Purple Moment, Below Zero, Any Old Port, Nothing But Trouble

Streetcars: The Lucky Dog, Hog Wild, Tit for Tat (sarcastic reference)

Stomach, expanding: They Go Boom (Ollie), Below Zero (Stan), Be Big (Ollie), Pick a Star (Ollie)

T

Taxidermy: Another Fine Mess, Block-Heads, Fra Diavolo

Taxis: Sailors, Beware!, Their Purple Moment, Liberty, Double Whoopee, Me and My Pal, Sons of the Desert, The Bullfighters

Telegrams: Blotto, Laughing Gravy, Helpmates, Me and My Pal, Great Guns

“Tell me that again” (Ollie’s request that Stan repeat his initially brilliant idea, at which point Stan garbles it): Towed in a Hole, Oliver the Eighth, The Fixer-Uppers, The Dancing Masters

Thieves (Stan and Ollie): The Lucky Dog (Ollie only), Fra Diavolo, The Bohemian Girl

Town gossip, the: Their Purple Moment, Chickens Come Home

Trains: With Love and Hisses, Berth Marks, Be Big, A-Haunting We Will Go, The Big Noise

Tunneling as a means of escape: The Second Hundred Years, The Flying Deuces

V

Vacuum cleaners: The Dancing Masters, The Big Noise

Venice, Italy, painting of: We Faw Down, Unaccustomed As We Are, Brats, Another Fine Mess, Saps at Sea

W

Water:

– Fountains: Early to Bed, The Bullfighters

– Ollie dunked in: Dirty Work, March of the Wooden Soldiers, The Midnight Patrol, Bonnie Scotland, Way Out West

– Stan dunked in: Below Zero

– Stan and Ollie dunked in: Brats, Hog Wild, Our Relations, Jitterbugs

– Thrown: Sailors, Beware!, Angora Love, Hog Wild, Laughing Gravy, Helpmates, Towed in a Hole, Swiss Miss, Block-Heads (on Ollie, from a hose), The Bullfighters

Wives, hostile: Their Purple Moment, We Faw Down, Blotto (Stan only), Be Big, Chickens Come Home, Come Clean, Helpmates (Ollie only), Sons of the Desert, Thicker Than Water (Ollie only), Block-Heads (Ollie only)

World War I: Pack Up Your Troubles, Block-Heads